The 2009 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP 2009) is part of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) program https://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata/. NAEP 2009 assessments consist of national-, state-, and select large urban district samples for the reading, math and science grades 4 and 8; national only samples for math, reading and science at grade 12. NAEP (https://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/) is a cross-sectional survey that assesses what America's students know and can do in various subject areas. The study was conducted using a paper-and-pencil assessment of students.