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Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012
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The 2012 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA:12) is a study that is part of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) program; program data are available since 2000 at https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/getpubcats.asp?sid=098. PISA:12 (https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pisa/) is a cross-sectional study that measures the yield of education systems, or what skills and competencies students have acquired and can apply in reading, mathematics, and science to real-world contexts by age 15. For PISA:12, mathematics literacy was the subject area assessed in-depth. The study was conducted using questionnaires and direct assessments of 15-year-old students. 15-year-old students in April to May of 2012 were sampled. Key statistics produced from PISA:12 are 15-year-olds' capabilities in reading, mathematics, and science literacy, problem solving, and financial literacy.
Detailed Methodology
The international desired population in each jurisdiction consisted of 15-year-olds attending both publicly and privately controlled schools in grade 7 and higher. A minimum of 4,500 students from a minimum of 150 schools was required in each jurisdiction. The PISA 2012 U.S. sample for the main study was selected using a two-stage design—a sample of schools and a sample of students within sampled schools. In the U.S, 6,111 students from 162 schools were assessed. The U.S. school sampling frame was developed from two national databases in the National Center for Education Statistics—public schools in the Common Core of Data (CCD, http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/) and private schools in the Private School Survey (PSS, http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pss/). These sources provide full coverage of all PISA-eligible students in the education system in the U.S. The PISA 2012 school frame was constructed using the 2008-2009 CCD and the 2009-2010 PSS, the most current data at the time of the PISA frame construction. The 2012 PISA school sample was drawn for the United States in July 2011.